Biology of Glyphepomis dubia Campos & Souza, 2016 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the parasitoids Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on rice / Biologia de Glyphepomis dubia Campos & Souza, 2016 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) e dos parasitoides Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 e Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) em arroz

The life cycle of stink bug, Glyphepomis dubia and the development of two egg parasitoids (Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis) were studied at the Federal University of Maranhão, at 26 ± 2oC, relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10% and 12h photophase. Individuals used in the study were collected from seven rice fields located around the municipality of Arari, Maranhão, Brazil, and maintained in greenhouse and laboratory for the life cycle studies. From egg to adult, G. dubia took 35.2 days to complete the life cycle. The oviposition period was 37 days, with egg masses of about 12 eggs each and viability of 93.1%. Longevity was 53 and 65 days for females and males, respectively. The egg parasitoids Te. podisi and Tr. basalis parasitized and developed in G. dubia eggs; however, the biological characteristics of Tr. basalis were affected. Emergence of the parasitoids was higher for Te. podisi (83.5%) compared to the records for Tr. basalis (50.4%). Therefore, G. dubia may potentially achieve a pest status and Te. podisi is a promising biological control agent for G. dubia management in Brazil due to its higher longevity and better reproductive parameters.

O ciclo de vida do percevejo, Glyphepomis dubia e a biologia de dois parasitoides de ovos (Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis) foram estudados na Universidade Federal do Maranhão, a 26 ± 2oC, umidade relativa (UR) de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12h. Sete indivíduos de G. dubia foram coletados em lavoura de arroz localizada no município de Arari, Maranhão, Brasil e mantidos em casa de vegetação e laboratório para estudos de ciclo de vida. Do ovo ao adulto, G. dubia levou 35.2 dias para completar o ciclo de vida. O período de oviposição foi de 37 dias com massas de ovos com cerca de 12 ovos/massa e viabilidade de 93.1%. A longevidade foi de 53 e 65 dias, respectivamente, para fêmeas e machos. Os parasitoides de ovos, Te. podisi e Tr. basalis parasitaram e se desenvolveram em ovos de G. dubia, no entanto as características biológicas de Tr. basalis foi afetada. A emergência dos parasitoides foi maior para Te. podisi (83.5%) em comparação com o registrado para Tr. basalis (50.4%). Portanto, G. dubia poderá apresentar potencial para atingir o status de praga e Te. podisi é um promissor agente de controle biológico para ser utilizado no manejo de G. dubia no Brasil, pois apresentou maior longevidade e os melhores parâmetros reprodutivos.

Biology of Glyphepomis dubia Campos & Souza, 2016 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the parasitoids Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on rice

Abstract The life cycle of stink bug, Glyphepomis dubia and the development of two egg parasitoids (Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis) were studied at the Federal University of Maranhão, at 26 ± 2oC, relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10% and 12h photophase. Individuals used in the study were collected from seven rice fields located around the municipality of Arari, Maranhão, Brazil, and maintained in greenhouse and laboratory for the life cycle studies. From egg to adult, G. dubia took 35.2 days to complete the life cycle. The oviposition period was 37 days, with egg masses of about 12 eggs each and viability of 93.1%. Longevity was 53 and 65 days for females and males, respectively. The egg parasitoids Te. podisi and Tr. basalis parasitized and developed in G. dubia eggs; however, the biological characteristics of Tr. basalis were affected. Emergence of the parasitoids was higher for Te. podisi (83.5%) compared to the records for Tr. basalis (50.4%). Therefore, G. dubia may potentially achieve a pest status and Te. podisi is a promising biological control agent for G. dubia management in Brazil due to its higher longevity and better reproductive parameters.

Resumo O ciclo de vida do percevejo, Glyphepomis dubia e a biologia de dois parasitoides de ovos (Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis) foram estudados na Universidade Federal do Maranhão, a 26 ± 2oC, umidade relativa (UR) de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12h. Sete indivíduos de G. dubia foram coletados em lavoura de arroz localizada no município de Arari, Maranhão, Brasil e mantidos em casa de vegetação e laboratório para estudos de ciclo de vida. Do ovo ao adulto, G. dubia levou 35.2 dias para completar o ciclo de vida. O período de oviposição foi de 37 dias com massas de ovos com cerca de 12 ovos/massa e viabilidade de 93.1%. A longevidade foi de 53 e 65 dias, respectivamente, para fêmeas e machos. Os parasitoides de ovos, Te. podisi e Tr. basalis parasitaram e se desenvolveram em ovos de G. dubia, no entanto as características biológicas de Tr. basalis foi afetada. A emergência dos parasitoides foi maior para Te. podisi (83.5%) em comparação com o registrado para Tr. basalis (50.4%). Portanto, G. dubia poderá apresentar potencial para atingir o status de praga e Te. podisi é um promissor agente de controle biológico para ser utilizado no manejo de G. dubia no Brasil, pois apresentou maior longevidade e os melhores parâmetros reprodutivos.

Biology of Glyphepomis dubia Campos & Souza, 2016 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the parasitoids Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on rice / Biologia de Glyphepomis dubia Campos & Souza, 2016 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) e dos parasitoides Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 e Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) em arroz

Abstract The life cycle of stink bug, Glyphepomis dubia and the development of two egg parasitoids (Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis) were studied at the Federal University of Maranhão, at 26 ± 2oC, relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10% and 12h photophase. Individuals used in the study were collected from seven rice fields located around the municipality of Arari, Maranhão, Brazil, and maintained in greenhouse and laboratory for the life cycle studies. From egg to adult, G. dubia took 35.2 days to complete the life cycle. The oviposition period was 37 days, with egg masses of about 12 eggs each and viability of 93.1%. Longevity was 53 and 65 days for females and males, respectively. The egg parasitoids Te. podisi and Tr. basalis parasitized and developed in G. dubia eggs; however, the biological characteristics of Tr. basalis were affected. Emergence of the parasitoids was higher for Te. podisi (83.5%) compared to the records for Tr. basalis (50.4%). Therefore, G. dubia may potentially achieve a pest status and Te. podisi is a promising biological control agent for G. dubia management in Brazil due to its higher longevity and better reproductive parameters.

Resumo O ciclo de vida do percevejo, Glyphepomis dubia e a biologia de dois parasitoides de ovos (Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis) foram estudados na Universidade Federal do Maranhão, a 26 ± 2oC, umidade relativa (UR) de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12h. Sete indivíduos de G. dubia foram coletados em lavoura de arroz localizada no município de Arari, Maranhão, Brasil e mantidos em casa de vegetação e laboratório para estudos de ciclo de vida. Do ovo ao adulto, G. dubia levou 35.2 dias para completar o ciclo de vida. O período de oviposição foi de 37 dias com massas de ovos com cerca de 12 ovos/massa e viabilidade de 93.1%. A longevidade foi de 53 e 65 dias, respectivamente, para fêmeas e machos. Os parasitoides de ovos, Te. podisi e Tr. basalis parasitaram e se desenvolveram em ovos de G. dubia, no entanto as características biológicas de Tr. basalis foi afetada. A emergência dos parasitoides foi maior para Te. podisi (83.5%) em comparação com o registrado para Tr. basalis (50.4%). Portanto, G. dubia poderá apresentar potencial para atingir o status de praga e Te. podisi é um promissor agente de controle biológico para ser utilizado no manejo de G. dubia no Brasil, pois apresentou maior longevidade e os melhores parâmetros reprodutivos.

An increased number of individuals of a potential host facilitates non-photic synchronisation in the haematophagous insect Triatoma infestans

BACKGROUND Triatoma infestans (Kissing bug) is the main vector of the parasite causative of Chagas disease in Latin-America. This species shows clear activity rhythms easily synchronised to day-night cycles (photic cycle). The haematophagous nature of these insects lead us to think that they may temporally adapt to the particular activity rhythms of potential hosts (non-photic cycle). Our previous data showed that kissing bugs were weakly affected by the activity-inactivity rhythm of a single host. OBJETIVE To determine if by increasing the number of individuals of a potential host, T. infestans could increase the likelihood of synchronisation. METHODS Individual activity rhythms of experimental insects, maintained in constant darkness in light-tight cabinets, localised in a room with 24 rodents, were continuously monitored. Another insect group that served as control was maintained in the same conditions but in a room without rodents. FINDINGS Most of the experimental insects synchronised, expressing a 24 h period coincident with the activity-inactivity rhythms of the rodents, while the controls free ran with a period significantly longer than 24 h. CONCLUSION Analogous to what happens with high vs low light intensity in photic synchronisers, a high number of rodents, in contrast to the previous one-rodent experiment, increased the potency of this non-photic zeitgeber.

First report of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Bolivia

ABSTRACT Background: The subfamily Triatominae, which comprises 157 species, carries the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This short communication reports for the first time the occurrence of Rhodnius montenegrensis in Bolivia. Methods: Active searches were carried out on palm trees of the genus Oenocarpus in Beni district, Bolivia. Results: Fifteen R. montenegrensis specimens were collected from a rural area of the Beni district, Bolivia, and tested positive for T. cruzi. Conclusions: This new report expands the geographic distribution of the species in Latin America. Due to their ability to transmit trypanosomatids, the species deserves the attention of vector control programs.

Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): first report in Sergipe State, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study reports the first occurrence of Psammolestes tertius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: In 2020, 95 specimens were collected from the municipality of Porto da Folha, Sergipe, Brazil. RESULTS: This finding expands the geographical distribution of the species from 15 states in Brazil to 16 and increases the biodiversity of triatomines in the state of Sergipe. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of P. tertius in the state of Sergipe demonstrated a wider distribution of this species in northeastern Brazil.

First report of Microtriatoma borbai Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: would M. borbai be living in eucalyptus crops?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of Microtriatoma borbai in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is reported by the first time. METHODS: A triatomine specimen collected in a hybrid eucalyptus crop in the municipality of Aracruz, Espírito Santo state was found to be a male M. borbai. RESULTS: This finding expands the geographical distribution of M. borbai from four to five Brazilian states. It is the first report of M. borbai occurrence inside a eucalyptus crop. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of M. borbai in the state of Espírito Santo broadens the geographical distribution of this species in southeastern Brazil.

First report of Microtriatoma borbai Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: would M. borbai be living in eucalyptus crops?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of Microtriatoma borbai in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is reported by the first time. METHODS: A triatomine specimen collected in a hybrid eucalyptus crop in the municipality of Aracruz, Espírito Santo state was found to be a male M. borbai. RESULTS: This finding expands the geographical distribution of M. borbai from four to five Brazilian states. It is the first report of M. borbai occurrence inside a eucalyptus crop. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of M. borbai in the state of Espírito Santo broadens the geographical distribution of this species in southeastern Brazil.

Revision of the American genus Platyvelia Polhemus & Polhemus, 1993 (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae)

ABSTRACT The subfamily Veliinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) includes ten genera worldwide, seven of which are endemic to the American continent. Here, we provide a revision of Platyvelia Polhemus and Polhemus, 1993, which is distributed from the United States to northern Argentina, and included nine valid species prior to this study. Six species are redescribed, the synonymies of P. egregia (Drake and Harris, 1935) and P. verdica (Drake, 1951) with P. brachialis (Stål, 1860) are proposed, a lectotype is designated for P. annulipes, and two species groups are erected based on male characters: the P. annulipes group and the P. brachialis group. Keys to the species groups and species within each group, photos, and distribution maps are also included.

Stink bug control at different stages of soybean development / Controle de percevejos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da planta de soja

This study evaluates the effects of combinations of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids on the control of stink bugs at different stages of soybean crop development. The experiment was set up in a factorial randomized block design (4×6: 4 treatments and 6 stages) with 4 repetitions. The following treatments were tested during the V6/V7, R2, R4, R5.1, R5.5 and R 6 phenological stages: 1 ­ control (no application), 2 ­ thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, 3 ­ acetamiprid + α-cypermethrin, and 4 ­ dinotefuran + α-cypermethrin. Infestation, number of damaged seeds, number of pods, number of pods per plant, and yield (kg/ha) were evaluated. Stink bug infestations were smaller when applications commenced during the vegetative stages (V6-V8). Pod numbers and yields were highest in the dinotefuran + α-cypermethrin treatment with applications from V6/V8 to R4. The active ingredients dinotefuran + α-cypermethrin reduced stink bug populations and increased yields and could therefore be considered in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for soybean crops.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de combinações de piretroides com neonicotinoides no controle de percevejos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura da soja. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos randomizados, em esquema fatorial 4×6 (4 tratamentos e 6 estádios) com 4 repetições. Os produtos utilizados foram: 1 ­ testemunha (sem aplicação), 2 ­ tiametoxam + λ-cialotrina, 3 ­ acetamiprida + α-cipermetrina, e 4 ­ dinotefuran + α-cipermetrina, e as aplicações foram realizadas a partir dos estádios fenológicos V6/V7,R2, R4, R5.1, R5.5 e R6. Avaliaram-se a infestação, número de grãos danificados, número de vagens, número de vagens por planta e produtividade (kg/ha). A infestação de percevejo foi menor quando se iniciou a aplicação precocemente nos estádios vegetativos (V6-V8).O número de vagens e produtividade foi superior no tratamento dinotefuran + α-cipermetrina nos estádios V6/V8 até R4. Os ingredientes ativos dinotefuran + α-cipermetrina apresentaram resultados positivos na redução da população de percevejo e proporcionaram incremento no rendimento de grão, podendo ser utilizado como opção em programa de manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) na cultura da soja.(AU)

Ocotea porosa: Anatomy and Histochemistry of Leaves and Stems, Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil

Abstract Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso, commonly known as "imbuia", "canela-imbuia" or "imbuia-amarela" in Brazil, is a tree of the Southern Atlantic Forest. The present study investigates the anatomy of leaf and stem, volatile oil chemistry, as well as cytotoxicity and insecticidal activities of the essential oil of O. porosa. Species identification was achieved by anatomy features, mainly due to paracytic and anomocytic stomata; non-glandular trichomes; biconvex midrib and petiole with a collateral open arc vascular bundle; presence of a sclerenchymatous layer, starch grains and crystal sand in the stem; and the presence of phenolic compounds in the epidermis, phloem and xylem of the midrib, petiole and stem. The main volatile components of the essential oil were α-pinene (19.71%), β-pinene (13.86%) and bicyclogermacrene (24.62%). Cytotoxicity against human cancer cell (MCF-7), mouse cancer cell (B16F10) and mouse non-tumoral cell (McCoy) was observed as well as insecticidal activity of the essential oil against susceptible 'Ft. Dix' bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) by topical application.

Molecular detection and screening of Wolbachia infections in tropical bed bugs Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) from Peninsular Malaysia populations

Aims@#Wolbachia is an endosymbiont and a Gram-negative genus bacterium which has received the spotlight in the field of research studies due to its multiple capabilities to affect it hosts, including the bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimcidae). While most investigations concentrated on the common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), no published studies have yet to be done on molecular screenings of Wolbachia associated with tropical bed bugs (C. hemipterus). The present study was undertaken to screen Wolbachia infection from tropical bed bugs from Peninsular Malaysia. @*Methodology and results@#We attempted to screen and characterize Wolbachia infections in tropical bed bugs from 22 different localities throughout Peninsular Malaysia using a molecular approach; multiple Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays with four sets of primer sequences. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Our findings yielded negative results of Wolbachia infections and, therefore, further confirmed that all bed bug samples from all localities in Peninsular Malaysia are free from Wolbachia infections. Our findings also suggested that the prevalence of Wolbachia in tropical bed bug populations in Peninsular Malaysia is very unlikely.

Occurrences of Ornithocoris toledoi (Cimicidae) on a free-range chicken farm in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Ocorrência de Ornithocoris toledoi (Cimicidae) em uma fazenda com criação rústica de galinhas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract Ornithocoris toledoi is a hematophagous insect that parasites birds, particularly, galliformes. Although the occurrence of this arthropod is relatively low in Brazil, this is an important ectoparasite associated with backyarding poultry. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of O. toledoi in a free-range chicken farm in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including aspects of its taxonomic identification, biology and epidemiology.

Resumo Ornithocoris toledoi é um inseto hematófago que parasita aves, particularmente os galiformes. Embora a ocorrência deste artrópode seja relativamente baixa no país, este é um ectoparasito importante relacionado à criação rústica de galinhas. O objetivo estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de O. toledoi em uma criação rústica de galinhas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, incluindo aspectos sobre a sua identificação taxonômica, biologia e epidemiologia.

Estadios ninfales de Amnestus rugosus (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) / Immature stages of Amnestus rugosus (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

ResumenEn México se han registrado 29 especies del género Amnestus, de las cuales, seis se encuentran en el estado de Veracruz. Se describen e ilustran las características morfológicas de los estadios inmaduros de A. rugosus, incluyendo notas sobre su biología y comportamiento. Las ninfas y adultos fueron recolectados en los remanentes de la vegetación riparia del bosque mesófilo en la cuenca del río La Antigua, Veracruz. El muestreo se realizó en la zona montañosa del centro del estado y en la parte media de la cuenca. Se seleccionaron 12 sitios ubicados en cinco municipios, y se realizaron muestreos en época de lluvias (julio) y en secas (abril); las muestras fueron procesadas en embudos de Berlese-Tullgren y Winkler. Se recolectaron y revisaron 419 ejemplares, 320 adultos y 99 ninfas de A. rugosus. El tamaño y coloración del cuerpo y los patrones de puntuación son las principales diferencias entre los estados inmaduros de A. rugosus, A. ficus y A. morelensis.A. rugosus representa un nuevo registro para Veracruz.

Abstract:In Mexico there are 29 species of Amnestus, of which six species are from Veracruz. The morphological features and illustrations of immature stages of A. rugosus are presented. Notes about the biology and behavior were included. The nymphal and adult stages of A. rugosus were found in remnants of riparian vegetation of the mesophilous forest in La Antigua river basin, Veracruz, Mexico. Twelve sites in five localities were selected and the specimens were sampled in rainy (July) and dry (April) seasons of 2012. The samples were processed in Berlese-Tullgren funnel and Winkler. A total of 419 individuals, 320 adults and 99 nymphs of A. rugosus were revised. The size and coloration of the body and punctuation patterns the immature stages of A. rugosus, A. ficus, and A. morelensis are the main differences among these species. A. rugosus is a first record from Veracruz. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (1): 31-39. Epub 2017 March 01.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates on Nezara viridula and Dichelops melacanthus in wheat crop / Patogenicidade de isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) sobre Nezara viridula e Dichelops melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) na cultura do trigo

Bugs such as Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) and Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) are considered the main insect pests of wheat crop in Brazil. The use of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) may be an alternative for the management of these insects in the crop. The objective of this work was to verify the pathogenicity of different isolates of M. anisopliae on adults of N. ­viridula and D. melacanthus under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In the laboratory, isolates 05RA, 11RA, 08RA and 02RA were obtained from N. viridula and D. melacanthus infested with M. anisopliae. Also, a high pathogenicity (100% of mortality) of both species was recorded in a bioassay of the topical application 8 Days After Application (DAA). However, compared to the other isolates, the 08RA isolate showed the highest pathogenicity in a shorter time interval for N. ­viridula (Mean Time "MT" = 2.8 days) and D. melacanthus (MT = 4.0 days). Under greenhouse conditions, the 08RA isolate provided a mortality of 44.9% (N. viridula) and 35.7% (D. melacanthus) in the same evaluation period. However, at 14 DAA, the mortality was 100% for both species, with the MT values of N. ­viridula and D. ­melacanthus being obtained at 8 days and 10 days, respectively. The fungus M. anisopliae is a promising alternative for the control of adult N. viridula and D. melacanthus in wheat crop.(AU)

Os percevejos Nezaraviridula (Linnaeus) e o Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) são considerados os principais insetos-pragas na cultura do trigo no Brasil. A utilização do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhiziumanisopliae (Metschnikoff) pode ser uma alternativa para o manejo destes insetos na cultura. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a patogenicidade de diferentes isolados de M.anisopliae sobre adultos de N. viridula ou D. ­melacanthus em condições de laboratório e casa de vegetação. Em laboratório, os isolados 05RA, 11RA, 08RA e 02RA provenientes de adultos de N. ­viridula ou D. melacanthus, infestados a campo pelo fungo M. anisopliae, apresentaram elevada patogenicidade (100% de mortalidade) de ambas as espécies em bioensaio de aplicação tópica 8 dias após aplicação (DAA). Entretanto, o isolado 08RA apresentou a maior patogenicidade em um menor intervalo de tempo para N. ­viridula (Tempo Médio "TM" = 2,8 dias) e D. melacanthus (TM = 4,0 dias) em relação aos demais isolados. Em casa de vegetação, o isolado 08RA proporcionou mortalidade de 44,9% (N. ­viridula) e 35,7% (D. ­melacanthus) no mesmo período de avaliação. Contudo, aos 14 DAA, a mortalidade foi de 100% para ambas as espécies, com valores de TM de 8 dias e 10 dias para N. viridula e D. ­melacanthus, respectivamente. O fungo M. anisopliae constitui uma alternativa promissora de controle de adultos de N. ­viridula ou D. ­melacanthus na cultura do trigo.(AU)

Biogeography and areas of endemism of Prepops Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Resumen Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) es una de las familias de insectos más ricas en especies, con alrededor de 11 100 especies descritas. Mirinae es la mayor subfamilia y sus endemismos se hacen evidentes desde el nivel de tribu hacia abajo. La tribu Restheniini (Mirinae) se encuentra en América, con la mayor parte de su diversidad en el Neotrópico. Prepops Reuter es el mayor género de Restheniini con 198 especies, con un rango de distribución similar al de la tribu. Los estudios sobre distribución y áreas de endemismo en Miridae son escasos, y no existen para Prepops. Aquí se analizan todos los registros geográficos de Prepops (707 registros de 181 especies) con el objetivo de identificar patrones de diversidad y áreas de endemismo, usando análisis de redes. Los datos de localidad se asignaron usando especímenes de museo y registros geográficos en la literatura. Además usamos datos de distribución para proponer preferencias de hábitat y variables geoclimáticas importantes para cada grupo de especies co-ocurrentes. Los resultados indican una alta riqueza específica en las regiones subtropicales, mientras que la faja tropical y las altas latitudes aparecen empobrecidas. La región Neotropical presenta 86 % de las especies, la Neártica alrededor del 11 % (pero con mayores rangos específicos de distribución). La región Andina casi no posee registros del género. Veintitrés áreas de endemismo (y dos díadas), formadas por 2 o más especies endémicas se encuentran en la región Neártica (3), la zona de transición Mexicana/subregión Caribe (5), y la zona de transición Sudamericana/ subregiones Amazónica, Chaqueña y Paranaense (15). La superposición de algunas áreas indica regiones con elevada riqueza específica y con una historia compleja. La falta de registros en la región Andina (excepto para P. nigrus en el sur de Patagonia) y la dominancia de especies estrictamente neotropicales (86 %) apoyan la hipótesis del origen neotropical para la tribu Restheniini. La conformación general de los grupos de especies co-ocurrentes de Prepops muestra una estrecha correlación con las regiones y subregiones biogeográficas conocidas. Entre las características ecofisiográficas más comunmente asociadas con los registros geográficos de Prepops se encuentran, en orden de importancia: bosques de hoja ancha (húmedos y secos), pastizales y hábitats xéricos.

AbstractThe Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with about 11 100 described species. Mirinae is the largest subfamily and its endemism becomes evident at the tribal level and below. Mirines of the tribe Restheniini are found throughout America, with most of the diversity confined to the Neotropics. Prepops Reuter is the largest genus in Restheniini with 198 described species and its geographical range is similar to that of the tribe. The study of the distribution and areas of endemism in Miridae are scarce and non-existent for Prepops. We analyzed all the geographic records of Prepops (707 records for 181 species) in order to identify diversity patterns and areas of endemism, using network analysis. Locality data were assigned using museum specimens and geographic records in the literature. Additionally we used spatial data to propose habitat preferences and geoclimatic variables important for each group of co-occurring species. The results indicate high species richness in subtropical regions, while the tropical belt and high latitudes appear impoverished. The Neotropical region contains 86% of the species, and the Nearctic about 11 % (but with larger species ranges); the Andean region is sparingly represented. Twenty-three areas of endemism (and two diads), formed by 2 or more endemic species, are distributed in the Nearctic (3), Mexican Transition Zone and Caribbean subregion (5), South American Transition Zone and Amazonian, Chacoan and Paranaense subregions (15). Overlap between some of the areas indicates regions with high species richness and complex history. The lack of records from the Andean region (except for P. nigrus in Southern Patagonia) and dominance of strictly Neotropical species (86 %) supports the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for the tribe Restheniini. The general arrangement of the units of co-occurrence of Prepops species shows a close correlation with known biogeographic regions and subregions. Broad physiographic characteristics most commonly associated with Prepops geographical records are, in order of importance: broad leaf forests (wet and dry), grasslands and xeric habitats. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64(1): 17-31. Epub 2016 March 01.

DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE Vatiga spp. (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) EN EL CULTIVO DE YUCA / Spatial Distribution of Vatiga spp. (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on Cassava Crop

El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar informacion acerca de cuál es el modelo de disposición espacial de Vatiga spp. en el cultivo de la yuca. Se realizaron muestreos en dos áreas comerciales de 2500 m², divididas en 100 parcelas. Se contaron adultos y de ninfas de Vatiga spp. en las hojas basales y medias de la planta. En total, se realizaron doce muestreos quincenalmente, desde febrero hasta abril de 2014, época de mayor incidencia de esta plaga. De forma general, a través de los índices de dispersión (varianza/media, índice de Morisita y exponente K) y las distribuciones de frecuencia, se observa que la distribución espacial de Vatiga spp. es agregada, es decir, el padrón de distribución Binomial Negativa fue el que resultó de mejor ajuste a los datos obtenidos a campo, con el conteo de los individuos.

The aim of this study was to generate information about which is the model of spatial distribution of Vatiga spp. in the cassava culture. Sampling was conducted in two commercial areas of 2,500 m², divided into 100 plots. Adults and nymphs of Vatiga spp. were counted in the basal and medium plant leaves. In all, twelve samples were taken fortnightly from February to April 2014, when occurs the highest incidence of this pest. Based in the indices of dispersion (variance/mean, Morisita index and K exponent) and the frequency distributions, it was observed that the spatial distribution of Vatiga spp. is aggregate, it means that the standard Negative Binomial distribution was the best fit to the field data obtained, with the counting direction of individuals.

FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS Ocyochterus FROM COLOMBIA AND NEW RECORDS OF OCHTERIDAE FROM COSTA RICA (HEMIPTERA:HETEROPTERA) / Primer registro del género Ocyochterus en Colombia y nuevos registros de Ochteridae en Costa Rica (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

The first Colombian record of Ocyochterus, expanding the previously known distributional range of the genus. Additionally, records of two species of Ochterus from Costa Rica are provided. The material examined is deposited at the Zoological Museum of the University of Costa Rica (MZUCR), San José, Costa Rica.

Se registra por primera vez Ocyochterus para Colombia, con lo cual se expande el rango de distribución conocido hasta el momento. Además, se proveen registros para dos especies de Ochterus en Costa Rica. El material examinado se encuentra depositado en el Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (MZUCR), San José, Costa Rica.

Bed bug dermatitis, description of two cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bed bugs are hematophagous insects which due to their morphological and biological characteristics are able to easily adapt themselves to human households. The authors describe two cases of dermatitis caused by bed bug bites in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients presented linear lesions in the usual "breakfast, lunch and dinner" arrangement, suggesting this diagnosis. A visit to their dwellings showed infestation of insects identified as Cimex hemipterus. The knowledge of these insects by the dermatological community will contribute to an accurate diagnosis as well as subsidize the dissemination of information aiming for prevention.

The exotic palm Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F. Cook as a rural biotype for Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954, in Caçu, State of Goiás

Introduction Rhodnius neglectus is a triatomine that colonizes different palm species. In this study, we aimed to describe the presence of this triatomine bug in the royal palms (Roystonea oleracea) in a rural region of the State of Goiás. Methods Palm infestation was investigated by dissecting the palms or by using live-bait traps. Results Two palm trees were infested by R. neglectus negative for Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent for Chagas disease. In the study area, R. neglectus is frequently found in households. Conclusions The adaptation of this species to palm trees introduced in Brazil for landscaping purposes poses another challenge for controlling the vectors of Chagas disease. .